Laser precision machining can be divided into four types of applications: precision cutting, precision welding, precision drilling and surface treatment. Under the current technological development and market environment, the application of laser cutting and welding is more popular, and 3C electronics and new energy batteries are the most widely used fields.
Laser precision cutting
Laser precision cutting uses a pulsed laser beam to focus on the surface of a machined object to form a high-energy-density spot that melts or vaporizes the material being processed at an instant. The processing characteristic is fast speed, the slit is smooth and flat, generally no subsequent processing is needed; the cutting heat affected zone is small, and the sheet deformation is small: the processing precision is high, the repeatability is good, and the material surface is not damaged.
Compared with high-power laser cutting, precision cutting generally uses nanosecond and picosecond lasers to focus on ultra-fine space, while having extremely high peak power and extremely short laser pulses. The surrounding materials in the space range are affected, thus achieving the "superfine" of the processing. Laser precision cutting technology has unparalleled advantages in the production process of mobile phone screen cutting, fingerprint identification film, LED invisible dicing, etc., which require high precision.
Laser precision welding
Laser precision welding is to radiate a high-intensity laser beam onto the working area of the processed product. Through the interaction between the laser and the material, the welded area is quickly formed into a multi-density heat source area, and the heat is cooled by the soldered area. Crystallization forms a consolidated weld or weld. It is characterized by the absence of electrodes and filler materials and is non-contact soldering. It can weld high melting point refractory metals or materials of different thicknesses.
In the field of new energy batteries, with the promotion of new energy vehicles, the demand for power batteries continues to increase. As the welding standard in the field of power battery, laser welding is widely used in the ear welding of the front section, the welding of the bottom cover, the top cover and the sealing nail in the middle section, the battery connecting piece in the rear stage, and the negative sealing welding. In the 3C field, all kinds of mobile phone modules, midplane cover, etc. are inseparable from laser precision welding technology.
Laser precision punching
Laser precision drilling reduces the spot diameter to the micron level, resulting in high laser power density, and laser drilling can be performed on almost any material. It is characterized by being able to punch holes in materials with high hardness, crisp texture or softness, small pore size, fast processing speed and high efficiency.
Laser drilling is the most widely used in the PCB industry. Compared with the traditional PCB drilling process, the laser not only has a fast processing speed on the PCB, but also can realize the drilling of small holes, micro holes and invisible holes below 2 μm which cannot be realized by conventional equipment. hole. On the surface of electronic products, it can also be used for drilling holes in mobile phone speakers, microphones and other glass.
Laser surface treatment
Laser surface treatment is a surface treatment of a metal with a high power density laser beam, which can change the metal material by chemical transformation of the phase transformation hardening, surface amorphization, surface alloying or vaporization or color change of the surface material. Surface characteristics. It is characterized by no need to use additional materials, only changes the structure of the surface layer of the material to be treated, and the deformation of the treated part is extremely small, which is suitable for surface marking and high-precision part processing.