Optical fiber communication is a communication method that uses optical fibers to transmit signals to achieve information transmission. Optical fiber communication is referred to as optical fiber communication. Optical fiber communication can be regarded as "wired" optical communication using optical fibers as the transmission medium. Optical fiber consists of an inner core and a cladding. The inner core is generally tens of microns or several microns, which is thinner than a hair. The outer layer is called the cladding, and the function of the cladding is to protect the optical fiber. In fact, the optical fiber communication system does not use a single optical fiber, but a cable composed of many optical fibers gathered together.
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Integrated Devices
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VCSEL
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Integrated photon detector
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SiGe/Si MQW
Wavelength
Light is defined by its wavelength. In fiber optic communications, the light used is in the infrared region, where the wavelength of light is greater than that of visible light. In fiber optic communications, the typical wavelength is 800 to 1600nm, with the most commonly used wavelengths being 850nm, 1310nm, and 1550nm.
When selecting a transmission wavelength, the main considerations are fiber loss and scattering. The goal is to transmit the most data over the longest distance with the least fiber loss. The loss of signal strength during transmission is attenuation. The attenuation is related to the length of the waveform. The longer the waveform, the less attenuation. The light used in the optical fiber has a longer wavelength at 850, 1310, and 1550nm, so the attenuation of the optical fiber is smaller, which also leads to less fiber loss. And these three wavelengths have almost zero absorption, which is most suitable as an available light source for transmission in optical fiber.
In optical fiber communication, optical fiber can be single-mode or multi-mode. The 850nm wavelength region is usually multi-mode optical fiber communication, 1550nm is single-mode, and 1310nm has both single-mode and multi-mode. According to ITU-
T, the attenuation of 1310nm is recommended to be ≤0.4dB/km and the attenuation of 1550nm is ≤0.3dB/km. The loss of 850nm is 2:5dB/km. The optical fiber loss generally decreases with the increase of wavelength. The 1550 nm center wavelength around the C band (1525-1565nm) is usually called the zero loss window, which means that the attenuation of quartz fiber is the lowest at this wavelength.
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